The purpose of this letter is to investigate, in the deterministic case, the nonasymptotic behavior of beamforming estimation of the direction of arrival of a single source impinging on a uniform linear array. We derive an approximate analytical expression of the maximum-likelihood mean-squared error that is valid for all SNR ranges and number of snapshots. Computer simulations confirm the validity of the theoretical investigations.
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Boyer et al. (2004) studied this question.
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