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Fresh apple cylinders were vacuum‐impregnated with aqueous solutions containing calcium and iron gluconates (calcium and iron concentration up to 114.7 g/L and 2.98 g/L respectively). The study demonstrated an important effect of Ca concentration on the response of apple tissue to vacuum impregnation (VI), increasing matrix elasticity, and diminishing external liquid net fluxes. None of the effect was attributed to Fe. The location and distribution of the cations were analyzed by Electron Dispersive X‐ray Microanalysis (EDXMA). The results showed that they were located mainly in the intercellular spaces, and their distribution was homogeneous. A semiempirical relationship has been used to quantify the amount of incorporated calcium by EDXMA.
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Betoret et al. (2005) studied this question.
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