Biomimetic Liquid-Repellent Surfaces by Ultrafast Laser Processing

This review is focused on the realization of liquid-repellent surfaces, inspired by two biological models: “dry” superhydrophobic leaves and “slippery” liquid-repellent carnivorous plants using ultrafast laser processing. After a short introduction to a biomimetic development process, an overview of the laser-fabricated structures, which were intensively used for the realization of biomimetic “dry” and “slippery” liquid-repellent surfaces, is given. The influence of process parameters on the structure morphology is discussed. A summary of superhydrophobic and liquid-repellent modifications of different materials (metals, semiconductors, and polymers), including wettability characteristics and processing details, is provided. The technological applications of laser-structured liquid-repellent surfaces are discussed.