It is widely believed that in BaTiO3, Ba2+ cations are much more mobile than Ti4+ cations. Under a dc electric field, Ba cations are therefore expected at elevated temperatures to move at a faster rate to the cathode, leading to compositional demixing and eventually to decomposition of the BaTiO3. We have found that this is not the case. Overall mass transfer in BaTiO3 does occur but with no compositional demixing. This indicates that contrary to the general belief, Ba2+ and Ti4+ have the same electrochemical mobilities in BaTiO3. This suggests a common diffusion mechanism involving both cation sublattices.
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Yoo et al. (2008) studied this question.
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