Impact of heart failure and dialysis in the prognosis of diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulcers

AIM: To establish the role of heart failure (HF) and dialysis (D) in the prognosis of diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia and foot ulcers (FUs). METHODS: Consecutive diabetic patients with ischemic FUs who referred to our Diabetic Foot Centre were prospectively included. All patients underwent a preset limb salvage protocol including peripheral revascularization. According to the presence of HF and D, they were divided in four groups: group 1 without HF and without D defined as ischemic foot (IF); group 2 with HF and without D defined as heart ischemic foot (H-IF); group 3 without HF and with D defined as renal ischemic foot (R-IF); group 4 with HF and with dialysis defined as heart-renal foot (HR-IF). Survival with limb salvage, survival with major amputation and death were reported after 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS: 136 patient have been included: 66 with IF, 26 with H-IF, 24 with R-IF and 20 with HR-IF. The mean age was 68,9 ± 9,7 years, the diabetes duration 20,7 ± 11,6 years, the mean HbA1c 62,7 ± 22,3 mmol/mol. 103/136 (75,7%) survived with limb salvage, 10/136 (7,4%) survived with major amputation, 23/136 (16,9%) died. The outcomes for group IF patients, H-IF, R-IF and HR-IF were respectively: survival with limb salvage (92,4%, 61,5%, 79,2% and 35%), survival with major amputation (6,1%, 7,7%, 8,3% and 10%), death (1,5%, 30,8%, 12,5% and 55%) χ = 0.0001. Heart failure was an independent predictor of death. DISCUSSION: The presence of heart failure and dialysis in diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulcers was associated to high risk of amputation and mortality.