A nano-sized graphene oxide-photosensitizer conjugate with a redox-responsive cleavable disulfide linker is non-fluorescent and non-phototoxic, even upon light irradiation. It becomes highly fluorescent and phototoxic inside cancer cells, where glutathione is used as an initiator for activating the photosensitizer.
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Cho et al. (2012) studied this question.
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