This paper reviews the major trends in the next generations of optical access systems. The motivations behind the development of advanced systems are presented, and then three major technical areas are explored. First, the field of 10 Gbit/s passive optical network (PON) systems is laid out. Second, the various solutions to long reach PON are reviewed. Third, the very wide and exciting field ofWDMand hybrid WDM-TDMA PONs are discussed. The paper closes with a review of the expected timeline for the standardization of these technologies.
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Effenberger et al. (2010) studied this question.
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