New calorimetric techniques enable the measurement of surface enthalpies and phase transformation enthalpies of oxide nanoparticles. These experimental values can benchmark theoretical calculations. A complex and delicate balance of energies of phase transformation, surfaces, and hydration leads to crossovers in thermodynamic stability of polymorphs at the nanoscale. ZnO and TiO2 are discussed in detail as examples.
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Alexandra Navrotsky (2009) studied this question.
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