Infectious Mononucleosis: Recognition and Management in Athletes

In brief: Infectious mononucleosis, a primary infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is a self-limited, lymphoproliferative disease that strikes many young athletes. Considered here are its epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, natural course, complications, and management, with a focus on concerns of athletes and a perspective on personality, convalescence, and chronic fatigue. Most athletes with mononucleosis recover smoothly and, in the absence of palpable splenomegaly, can return to contact sports one month after the onset of illness.