L‐carnitine improves metabolic disorders and regulates apelin and apelin receptor genes expression in adipose tissue in diabetic rats

Figures

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  Figure 1. Effects of LC on the serum levels of apelin in the diabetic rats fed with an HF/HC diet. Rats were fed with regular chow diet (control) or HF/HC diet for 5 weeks (diabetic). Rats fed with HF/HC were treated with LC (300 mg kg−1 day−1) from the first day of diabetes confirmation to 14 or 28 days after that (Diabetic + LC,n = 5/ group). Data are expressed as means ± SE. Different letters (a, b) demonstrate significant differences among groups on each day atp < .05. LC, L‐carnitine; HF/HC, High fat/high carbohydrate

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  Figure 2. Effects of LC on the expression ofapelinandAPJmRNA (on days 0, 14, and 28 of the experiment) in adipose tissue of the diabetic rats fed with an HF/HC diet. Rats were fed with regular chow diet (control) or HF/HC diet for 5 weeks (diabetic). Rats fed with HF/HC were treated with LC (300 mg kg−1 day−1) from the first day of diabetes confirmation to 14 or 28 days after that (Diabetic + LC,n = 5/group). (a)ApelinmRNA level, (b)APJmRNA level. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Different letters (a, b, and c) demonstrate significant differences among groups on each day atp < .05. LC, L‐carnitine; HF/HC, High fat/high carbohydrate

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  Figure 3. Effects of LC on the serum levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in the induced diabetic rats fed with an HF/HC diet. Rats were fed with regular chow diet (control) or HF/HC diet for 5 weeks (diabetic). HF/HC fed rats were treated with LC (300 mg kg−1 day−1) from the first day of diabetes confirmation to 14 or 28 days after that (Diabetic + LC,n = 5/group). (a) Serum TNF‐α, B. Serum IL‐1β. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Different letters (a, b, and c) demonstrate significant differences between groups in each day atp < .05. LC, L‐carnitine; HF/HC, High fat/high carbohydrate; TNF‐α, Tumor necrosis factor‐α; IL‐1β, interleukin‐1β