Optimization of Three- and Four-Component Reactions for Polysubstituted Piperidines: Application to the Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Screening of a Prototype Library

Several solid- and solution-phase strategies were evaluated for the preparation of libraries of polysubstituted piperidines of type 7 using the tandem aza[4+2]cycloaddition/allylboration multicomponent reaction between 1-aza-4-boronobutadienes, maleimides, and aldehydes. A novel four-component variant of this chemistry was developed in solution phase, and it circumvents the need for pre-forming the azabutadiene component. A parallel synthesis coupled with compound purification by HPLC with mass-based fraction collection allowed the preparation of a library of 944 polysubstituted piperidines in a high degree of purity suitable for biological screening. A representative subset of 244 compounds was screened against a panel of phosphatase enzymes, and despite the modest levels of activity obtained, this study demonstrated that piperidines of type 7 display the right physical properties (e.g., solubility) to be assayed effectively in high-throughput enzymatic tests.