Tumor markers provide a minimally invasive, cost-effective source of data valuable for monitoring disease course, determining prognosis, and aiding in treatment planning. An understanding of the individual test characteristics and limitations, however, is important for optimal use and accurate interpretation of results. A variety of types of markers are available in the routine clinical laboratory including enzymes, oncofetal antigens, oncogene products, monoclonal antibody-defined epitopes, and hormones. The clinical applications and limitations of some that are currently in widespread use will be discussed.
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Beverly C. Handy (2009) studied this question.
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