Stopping at School Crosswalks: Comparative Impacts of Visible Monitoring and Enforcement on Drivers’ Yielding Behaviour

School-zone crosswalks in low- and middle-income countries often rely on infrastructure alone, leaving children exposed to speeding motor vehicles and low driver compliance. This field-based observational study evaluated how visible monitoring and enforcement cues, individually and in combination, influence drivers to stop (i.e., yielding behaviour) at a school-zone crosswalk in Mahasarakham, Thailand. Four real-world scenarios were compared: 1) no control, 2) visible monitoring through radar speed-display signs and CCTV, 3) traffic police enforcement, and 4) a combined treatment. Drone and CCTV footage recorded 1,646 pedestrian-vehicle interactions, which were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. Under the no-control condition, 24.9% of drivers yielded at a mean approach speed of 37.5 km/h. Visible monitoring alone increased driver compliance to 39.4%, police presence to 60.6%, and the combined intervention package to 71.7%, with corresponding mean approach speeds of 31.8 km/h, 30.6 km/h, and 28.3 km/h, respectively. Relative to the no-control condition, all intervention scenarios significantly improved yielding compliance, with the combined monitoring-and-enforcement treatment showing the strongest effect. In a separate multivariable model, vehicle speed, pedestrian-vehicle gap distance, pedestrian volume, and pedestrian crossing speed were significant predictors of yielding-related outcomes, whereas vehicle type was not significant after adjustment. Higher vehicle speeds, longer pedestrian-vehicle gaps, and faster pedestrian crossing speeds were associated with greater odds of driver not yielding. Higher pedestrian volumes were associated with lower odds of drivers not yielding. These findings indicate that conspicuous monitoring and enforcement can meaningfully improve compliance and reduce approach speed at school-zone crossings.