Most clusters and groups of galaxies contain large amounts of hot, thin plasma. This raises two lines of astrophysical problems. (1) The production and the heating of the gas; its present exchanges with the galaxies. (2) The information from the observations of such plasma (mostly by its emission in X-rays) concerning the dynamics of the cluster as a whole. Converging evidence indicates that some clusters are relaxed and quiescent, but many are instead in an active evolutionary stage, still proceeding toward global virialization or undergoing effective relaxation and cooling processes in their central regions.
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A. Cavaliere (1984) studied this question.
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