The DFM/OPA-based lidar BILLI was used to investigate the volcanic plume released by the hydrothermal vent of Pisciarelli, in the Campi Flegrei volcano. BILLI remotely measured CO2 concentrations in cross-sections of the near-vent plume using the differential absorption technique. To our knowledge, this is the first example of lidar-based measurement of volcanic CO2. The spatial resolution was 1.5 m and the temporal resolution 20 s.
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Fiorani et al. (2015) studied this question.
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