Base level: The electronic properties of the four DNA nucleosides are studied by ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling techniques (see image), and the results are compared with first-principles density functional calculations of the methylated bases. Base-specific electronic signatures are observed, such as molecular energy levels and currents, which shed light on charge injection into and migration along DNA molecules and electronic DNA sequencing.
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Xu et al. (2007) studied this question.
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