Coherent trapping of atomic population in sodium induced by two-frequency laser light has been studied by using a charge exchange reaction for probing the upper level population. When the two-photon resonance condition occurs, the signal due to electron capture from excited Na*(3p) atoms by He²⁺ projectile ions exhibits the characteristic ``black resonance'' dip, indicating (by nonoptical means) that the fraction of Na atoms in the excited state actually drops to zero.
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Gieler et al. (1992) studied this question.
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