We have demonstrated a spot-size converter (SSC) that is made of photonic crystals (PCs) and has a conversion ratio of 10:1 for a 1-μm-wavelength light beam. Its real-spatial distribution was narrowed by intentionally broadening its wave vector distribution and increasing effective refractive index. The advantage of this PC-based SSC over conventional bulk-based SSC are compactness (monolithic integration), positional independence, and extremely deep depth of focus. This PC-SSC is a candidate for an interface between photonic-crystal waveguides and conventional optical waveguides.
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Kosaka et al. (2000) studied this question.
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