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Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulated cyclic AMP formation in rat pineal gland with dose-dependency in vitro, though this effect was much less than that of norepinephrine.Bilateral ganglionectomy of the superior cervical ganglion did not inhibit the stimulatory effect of VIP in the gland.In the cultured pineal gland, VIP, like norepinephrine, markedly increased the activity of serotonin N-acetyltransferase, an-enzyme for melatonin synthesis.A dose of propranolol above lO""5 M inhibited VIP action, but a lower dose propranolol (lO"5 M) did not inhibit VIP stimulation of cyclic AMP formation in the pineal gland.These results strongly suggest that VIP regulates the function of the pineal gland through activation of adenylate cyclase and then induces serotonin Nacetyltransferase, independently of norepinephrine. KEY WORDS vasoactive intestinal polypeptide / cyclic AMP /
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Kaneko et al. (1980) studied this question.
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