It is shown that the nonlinear dynamics of the radiation field in a free-electron laser can be modeled by the Ginzburg-Landau equation. The refractive index of the electron beam in the nonlinear regime and the saturation intensity of the radiation field are obtained from WKB theory. Although the Ginzburg-Landau equation does not permit soliton solutions, it is shown that certain types of solitary-wave solutions have a strong resemblance to spikes observed in simulations and experiments.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Cai et al. (1991) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: