Nanocrystalline zinc oxides are produced by chemical vapor synthesis and characterized by x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure. Dopant elements (aluminum, gallium, and indium) influence the particle size of the powders as well as lattice parameters and local structure. The different effects of the three dopant elements are characterized.
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Brehm et al. (2006) studied this question.
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