Extending the quantal adiabatic theorem: Geometry of noncyclic motion

We show that a noncyclic phase of geometric origin has to be included in the approximate adiabatic wave function. The adiabatic noncyclic geometric phase for systems exhibiting a conical intersection as well as for an Aharonov–Bohm situation is worked out in detail. A spin-12 experiment to measure the adiabatic noncyclic geometric phase is discussed. We also analyze some misconceptions in the literature and textbooks concerning noncyclic geometric phases.