Summary Estimating the perforation pressure loss is an essential part in the design and analysis of hydraulic fracturing treatments. Accurate determination of perforation pressure loss for the rheologically complex fracturing fluids being used today can best be achieved through experimental study. Investigation of the perforation pressure loss for linear polymer solutions, crosslinked gels, and fracturing slurries has been conducted at the Fracturing Fluid Characterization Facility since 1994. Using the data acquired from these experiments, new correlations are developed to estimate the coef- ficient of discharge used in the orifice equation that governs the perforation pressure loss. The correlations can be used to accurately predict the coefficient of discharge for linear polymer solutions and titanium/borate-crosslinked gels. In addition, the slurry correlation can be utilized to determine the dynamic change in the coefficient of discharge for fracturing slurries due to erosion. The presented correlations are developed such that they can easily be incorporated into current fracturing simulators.
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El-Rabba et al. (1999) studied this question.
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