Key result
Intranasal inoculation with classical swine fever virus infected 5 of 5 pigs and caused more pronounced clinical disease compared to oral inoculation, which infected only 2 of 5 pigs.
Why the study?
Varying experimental outcomes in pigs inoculated with the same CSFV strain emphasized the need to elucidate individual protocol factors influencing disease severity.
Does intranasal inoculation with CSFV provide a more consistent experimental disease model compared to oral inoculation in young pigs?
Does intranasal inoculation with CSFV provide a more consistent experimental disease model compared to oral inoculation in young pigs?
Intranasal inoculation of CSFV in pigs provides a more consistent and reliable experimental disease model than oral inoculation.
Intranasal inoculation yields more consistent CSFV outcomes than oral; extends protocol standardization needs for future swine studies.
The severity of disease resulting from classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection is determined by several factors, including virus strain and host factors. The different outcomes of experimental studies in pigs with the same strain of CSFV emphasize the need to elucidate the influence of individual factors within experimental protocols. In this study, we investigated the outcome of disease after oral and intranasal inoculation with a moderately virulent CSFV strain in young pigs. To compare the two routes of inoculation, various infection parameters were examined during a period of two weeks. While all intranasally inoculated pigs (n = 5) were directly infected, this was only the case for two out of five pigs after oral inoculation. In addition, the intranasally inoculated pigs developed a more pronounced clinical disease and pathological lesions, as well as markedly more change in hematological and immunological parameters than the orally inoculated pigs. The wide variation among the orally inoculated pigs implied that statistical evaluation was markedly impaired, leaving this route of application less suitable for comparative studies on classical swine fever. Furthermore, our study provides additional details about the immunomodulatory effects of CSFV on the kinetics of CRP, TNF-α, and leukocyte sub-populations in pigs after infection with the CSFV strain Paderborn.
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Hansen et al. (2024) studied this question. Intranasal inoculation with classical swine fever virus infected 5 of 5 pigs and caused more pronounced clinical disease compared to oral inoculation, which infected only 2 of 5 pigs.
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