Early Conversion to Aflibercept for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema Results in Better Visual Outcomes and Lower Treatment Costs

Purpose: To evaluate the functional and anatomic outcomes, as well as cost-effectiveness, of the timing of conversion to intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) in patients with treatment-resistant diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Thirty consecutive eyes (25 patients) were identified that were treated with ≥ 3 intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and/or ranibizumab (IVR) injections prior to treatment with ≥ 3 IVA injections. Eyes that received ≤ 6 IVB and/or IVR injections (early-switch) were compared to those that received ≥ 7 injections (late-switch) prior to conversion to IVA. Treatment effectiveness was measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). A micro-simulation model examined the impact of treatment duration on outcomes. Results: Early- (n=18) and late- (n=12) switch eyes had similar vision prior to conversion to IVA. Despite improvements in retinal thickness, only the early-switch eyes maintained vision gains after conversion to IVA through the end of follow-up ( p =0.027). Early switch saved $22,884/eye and produced an additional 0.027 QALYs. Conclusion: Early conversion to IVA optimizes vision outcomes and results in lower overall treatment expenditures.