Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering Analysis of Nucleation in Glass: II, Selenium Ruby Glasses

Nucleation studies were conducted on several selenium ruby glasses, of different colorant concentrations, using the technique of small‐angle X‐ray scattering. The glass rnicrostructure increased from homogeneous to 6‐nm (60‐Å) precipitating particles as the colors changed from colorless through yellow and orange to red. The glasses showed little difference in particle morphology despite differences in color, supporting the explanation of ruby color formation as due to energy band‐gap phenomena. Matrix intensities, particle volume concentrations, and interfacial surface areas were also determined.