S+C bands amplification in a distributed Er-doped Raman fiber

A novel hybrid optical amplifier covering entire S- and C-bands has been proposed. A silica fiber configured with an erbium (Er)-doped cladding and a germanium-doped core was used. Amplification was achieved by stimulated Raman scattering along with the Er ions' radiative transition in a fiber. A numerical simulation has been performed to analyze the amplification characteristics. Fiber parameters such as optical loss, Er concentration, fiber length, and pump power were taken into consideration to calculate the optimum pump power and fiber length for a flat gain characteristic over the entire S- and C-bands.