Vibration stress and temperature dependence of piezoelectric resonators with lead-zirconate-titanate ceramics

It has been shown that the temperature of a piezoelectric ceramic resonator increases, and its electromechanical characteristics vary, when the resonator is continuously driven at a high level of vibration stress in a resonant mode. The effects of temperature and vibration stress on specific electromechanical characteristics of typical piezoelectric ceramics were separated using two measurement methods: the continuous-voltage-wave drive method, which results in increased temperature, and the burst-voltage-wave drive method, which does not. The elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric constants were found to be sensitive to temperature but not to vibration stress. The mechanical loss factor, however, was found to be a function of both temperature and vibration stress.