The synthesis of long bipolar phospholipids with different polar headgroups and chain lengths of 16, 22 and 32 carbon atoms is described, using a Li2CuCl4-catalysed cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with ω-functionalised halogenoalkanes in order to synthesise unsymmetric bolaamphiphiles.
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Heiser et al. (1996) studied this question.
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