Study of polymorphic phase boundary in (Na,K,Li) (Nb,Ta,Sb)O3 piezoelectric ceramics

Li, Ta and Sb co-doped (Na,K)NbO3 ceramics have been widely investigated due to the significantly enhanced piezoelectric properties attributed to the polymorphic phase transition (PPT). An empirical discriminant k = x/0.3 + y/0.3 + z/0.06 to estimate the PPT composition of Liz(Na0.5+δK0.5−δ)1−zNb1−x−yTaxSbyO3 ceramics was deduced based on a displayed phase diagram between the phase structure and doping contents. The phase structure could be conveniently estimated by k, in which a PPT appeared in the vicinity of k = 1, crossing O symmetry at k 1. Around k = 1, a series of LizNa0.52K0.48−zNb0.90Ta0.05Sb0.05O3 ceramics was prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction in a narrow range 0.03 ≤ z ≤ 0.05. A PPT at room temperature appeared critically in the z = 0.04 composition, indicating a good feasibility of the suggested empirical equation to determine the critical PPT composition in the present study. The optimized piezoelectric properties d33 255 pC N−1 and kp 35.0% were attained due to the PPT behaviour.