Direct Bioelectrocatalysis at Metal and Carbon Electrodes Modified with Adsorbed d -Gluconate Dehydrogenase or Adsorbed Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Bacterial Membranes

Abstract d-Gluconate dehydrogenase, a flavohemoprotein, and alcohol dehydrogenase, a quinohemoprotein, are adsorbed strongly on carbon and metal electrodes. All the electrodes with the adsorbed enzymes produce anodic currents due to the electro-enzymatic oxidation of the substrates, where the adsorbed enzymes donate electrons directly to the electrodes; neither mediators nor promoters are necessary.