We describe a novel method for the investigation of free liquid surfaces using a primary beam of thermal metastable helium atoms. It is shown that metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES) provides information on the orientation of those molecules which form the outermost layer of the liquid surface. In the case of liquid formamide we find the molecules to lie flat within the surface.
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Keller et al. (1986) studied this question.
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