A novel class of partially coherent light sources that can yield stable optical lattice termed hollow array in the far field is introduced. The array dimension, the distance of hollow lobes intensity profile, the size and shape of the inner and outer lobe contours and other features can be flexibly controlled by altering the source parameters. Further, every lobe can be shaped with polar and Cartesian symmetry and even combined to form nested structures. The applications of the work are envisioned in material surface processing and particle trapping.
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Xu et al. (2020) studied this question.
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