Synthesis, Conformation, and Biological Activity of Teleocidin Mimics, Benzolactams. A Clarification of the Conformational Flexibility Problem in Structure−Activity Studies of Teleocidins

Tumor-promoter teleocidins and their active congeners (indolactams) are known to exist in an equilibrium between at least two conformational states in solution, the twist and sofa form, due to cis − trans isomerization of the amide bond and the steric effects of substituents on the nine-membered lactam ring. Benzolactam-Vs, in which the indole ring of indolactams is replaced with a benzene ring, were designed and synthesized in an attempt to reproduce the active conformation of teleocidins. Among these benzolactams, eight-membered lactams (benzolactam-V8) can only exist in the twist form, and 9- and 10-membered lactams (benzolactam-V9 and -V10) exist exclusively in the sofa form in solution. The stronger biological activity of benzolactam-V-8-310 than that of indolactam-V (IL-V) and the inactivity of benzolactam-V-9-310 for differentiation inducing activity of HL-60 clearly indicated that the twist form is close to the active conformation of teleocidins.