The paper revises the recent hypotheses on the evolution of dispersal behaviour in voles, namely Emigrant Fitness Hypothesis (EFH) versus Resident Fitness Hypothesis (RFH), on the basis of 3-year study on dispersal of Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780). The studied populations lived in three types of habitats: a small island, a rich alder forest (both optimal habitats) and small patches of woods (suboptimal habitat). The island population was treated as a control for dispersal occuring in two other populations.
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Joanna Gliwicz (1993) studied this question.
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