Retinal blood vessel diameter changes with 60-day head-down bedrest are unaffected by antioxidant nutritional cocktail

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. The antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail does not prevent the head-down bedrest-induced decrease in retinal arteriolar diameter and the increase in retinal venular diameter. a Red circles (with full red line) represent the change in central retinal arteriolar equivalent (ΔCRAE) relative to baseline (BCD-2) during the 60-day study period and during recovery (R0, R8). b Dark blue circles (with full dark blue line) represent the change in central retinal venular equivalent (ΔCRVE) relative to baseline (BCD-2) during the 60-day study period and during recovery (R0, R8). c The effects of HDBR on CRAE (ΔCRAE) of the group receiving the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (brown diamonds, full brown line) was not statistically different from the effects of HDBR on ΔCRAE of the control group (gray triangles, dashed gray line). d The effects of HDBR on CRVE (ΔCRVE) of the group receiving the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail (brown diamonds, full brown line) was not statistically different from the effects of HDBR on ΔCRVE of the control group (gray triangles, dashed gray line). Circles represent the effect estimates from the mixed effect model, error bars represent the 95%…

• 

  Fig. 2. The antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail does not protect the cerebral autoregulation from the effects of long-term head-down bedrest (HDBR). a HDBR induced an increase in arterial pressure at the level of the middle cerebral artery (BPMCA, light blue circles, light blue line) relative to baseline (BCD-2) during the 60-day study period (ΔBPMCA). b HDBR decreased cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV, green circles, green line) relative to BCD-2 during the 60-day study period (ΔCBFV). c HDBR induced a decrease in cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi, orange circles, orange line) relative to BCD-2 during the 60-day study period (ΔCVRi). d The HDBR-induced changes in BPMCA in the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail group (brown diamonds, full brown line) were statistically not different from the HDBR-induced changes in BPMCA in the control group (gray triangles, dashed gray line). e The HDBR-induced changes in CBFV in the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail group (brown diamonds, full brown line) were statistically not different from the HDBR-induced changes in CBFV in the control group (gray triangles, dashed gray line). f The HDBR-induced changes in CVRi in the…

• 

  Fig. 3. Study design. Twenty healthy males were randomly and evenly divided into two groups (control and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory cocktail). Both groups underwent 60 days of 6-degrees head down bedrest (HDBR). Retinal and cerebrovascular measurements were taken before (BCD-2), during the HDBR (HDT1, HDT8, HDT16, HDT29, and HDT52) and during the recovery phase (R0, R8). This figure was Created with BioRender.com.