The simultaneous entrapment of biological macromolecules and nanostructured silica-coated magnetite in sol−gel materials using a reverse-micelle technique leads to bioactive, mechanically stable, nanometer-sized, and separable particles. These spherical particles a typical diameter of 53 ± 4 nm, a large surface area 330 m2/g, an average pore diameter of 1.5 nm, a total volume of 1.427 cm3/g and a saturated magnetization (MS) of 3.2 emu/g. Peroxidase entrapped in these shows Michaelis−Mentan kinetics and high. The catalytic reaction will take place immediately adding these particles to the reaction solution. These entrapping particles catalysts can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by simply using an magnetic field. Experiments have proved that catalysts have a long-term stability toward temperature and pH change, as compared to free enzyme. To further prove the application of this novel biomaterial in analytical chemistry, a magnetic-separation immunoassay system was also developed for quantitative determination of gentamicin. The calibration for gentamicin has a working range of 200−4000 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 160 ng/mL, which is close that of the fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA) the same reactants.
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Yang et al. (2004) studied this question.