Biofouling control in industrial water systems: What we know and what we need to know

Biofouling contributes substantially to economic losses in industry. Although much progress has been made in understanding biofouling and its implications in industrial water systems, many questions remain unanswered. The cost of biofouling has not been enumerated. A prerequisite for this is research to elucidate the contribution that microbiologically influenced corrosion makes, to the overall corrosion process. Surface characteristics play a major role in the initial stages of microbial attachment. Ways of preventing preferential attachment to certain areas, i.e. grain boundaries and welds need further investigation. Biocides are routinely used to control biofouling. Due to the problem of resistance and potential environmental impact, alternative strategies for biofouling control need to be investigated and put to practice. These should focus on an integrated approach with the minimum impact on the environment. A number of biofouling monitoring devices have been developed. The advantages of biofouling monitoring needs to be demonstrated and monitors should become commercially available.