High-order stimulated Raman scattering combined with second harmonic generation in [χ(2)+χ(3)]-nonlinear LaBGeO5, β′-Gd2(MoO4)3 and Ca4Gd(BO3)3O laser host crystals under picosecond excitation

New frequency conversion processes leading to emission in the visible spectral range were observed for the first time by multiple Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman generation arising from intrinsic second harmonic generation in three different [χ(2)+χ(3)]-nonlinear LaBGeO5, β′-Gd2(MoO4)3 and Ca4Gd(BO3)3O laser host crystals under picosecond pumping at a fundamental wavelength of 1 μm.