Parentodinium africanum was observed in rumen contents of four Brazilian cattle and constituted 4.4, 0.9, less than 0.1, and 10.0% of the total ciliates. This appears to be the first observation of the family Cycloposthiidae in the rumen habitat. Blepharoconus krugerensis, previously observed in the intestines of the elephant, and an unknown species of ciliate with many characteristics similar to the family Paraisotrichidae were each observed in a single animal. A new subspecies, Diplodinium flabellum laterospinatum n. subsp., is also described. Total number of ciliates per ml of rumen contents ranged from 9.0 to 51.2 X 10(4) and included an overall total of 55 species and 4 subspecies.
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B. A. Dehority (1986) studied this question.
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