Balance laws and constitutive equations are given for elastic continua with memory of past motions and electromagnetic fields. Nonlinear, finite-linear, and linear constitutive equations are obtained and restricted by the second law of thermodynamics. Memory-dependent nonlocal piezoelectricity, piezomagnetism, heat and electric conduction, viscoelasticity, and other allied physical phenomena are in the domain of the general theory. The theory is applied to discuss infrared dispersion and lattice vibrations, natural optical activity, anomalous skin effect, and superconductivity, indicating the power and the potential of the nonlocal theory.
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A. Cemal Eringen (1984) studied this question.
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