Dipole limit in second-harmonic generation from arrays of gold nanoparticles

We present a multipolar tensor analysis of second-harmonic generation from arrays of noncentrosymmetric gold nanoparticles. In contrast to earlier results, where higher multipoles and symmetry-forbidden signals arising from sample defects play a significant role, the present results are completely dominated by symmetry-allowed electric-dipole tensor components. The result arises from significant improvement in sample quality, which suppresses the higher-multipole effects and enhances the overall response by an order of magnitude. The results are a prerequisite for metamaterials with controllable nonlinear properties.