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SUMMARYDyspnea is perhaps the most distressing symptom experienced by palliative care patients. Potential underlying causes are listed. Supportive therapy is important. Oxygen and opioids are the most common therapies for dyspnea, but several other drugs and drug classes have been used to help manage the symptom. Evaluation instruments that have been used for the symptom are described. Some open research questions are listed. A treatment algorithm, evidence tables and drug therapy tables which include drug costs are presented.
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