Twenty‐one populations ofBatrachospermumsectionTurfosafrom North America were compared to nine type and two historically important specimens using multivariate morphometrics and image analysis. The protologues of six other infrageneric taxa were also compared. From this analysis, six species are recognized worldwide: B, de‐sikacharyiSankaran,B. gombakenseKumano et Ratnasabapathy,B. keratophytumBory de Saint‐Vincent [syn.B. vagumvar.keratophytum(Bory de Saint‐Vincent) Sirodot,B. gulbenkianumReis, andB. suevorumKützing nom. Meg.],B. sinense Jao, B. turfosumBory de Saint‐Vincent [syn.B. vagum(Roth) C. Agardh andB. vagumvar.undulato‐pedicellatumKumano et Watanabe], andB. vogesiacumF. G. Schultz ex Skuja [syn.B. vagumvar.flagelliformeSirodot,B. flagelliforme(Sirodot) Necchi], These species are distinguished on the basis of carposporophyte‐bearing branch cortication, secondary fascicle development, monoecy or dioecy, presence of spermatangia on involucral filaments and monosporangia, and dimensions of trichogynes and carposporangia. Peripheral cortication has been previously used to separate species in this section, but we observed that this feature is quite widespread in the section. Presence of indeterminate gonimoblast filaments has been reported for some taxa in sectionTurfosa, but no such structures were seen in any of the specimens examined. OnlyB. keratophytumhas been collected in North America, ranging from southwestern Greenland (64°N) to Louisiana (30° N).
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