The Concept of Airway Inflammation

The generation of an inflammatory response is a critical mechanism through which mammalian species respond to and protect themselves from infectious as well as noninfectious insults (1). In terms of the lung, both nonspecific and antigen-specific (immune) mechanisms may lead to an inflammatory response. While this response is usually protective and beneficial, inflammation also has the potential to injure tissue, including the airways, within the lung. This brief communication focuses in general terms on basic aspects of inflammation within airways. The issue of what we need to know if we are to better understand and more effectively treat children with respiratory disorders in which inflammation plays a role is addressed. Emphasis is placed on providing information and examples that are most relevant to childhood asthma. Although data from animal models cannot be reliably extrapolated to humans, animal studies that provide insight into the inflammatory process are included in this review.