Pre-farrowing behaviour of sow and gilts with access to space for locomotion

The expression of pre-farrowing behaviour in sows and gilts with access to space was investigated. Six multiparous sows and 6 gilts were observed in a test arena 6.5 by 7 m with a pen 2 by 2 m in 1 corner. No straw was provided in either pen. Observations commenced 4 days before farrowing. Each pig was observed from 0900 to 1700 hours, and the behaviour of the pig and her position in the pen and test arena were recorded. Pigs close to farrowing were also observed overnight. Both sows and gilts showed a highly significant (P<0.001) increase in the distance walked in the 11-4 h before farrowing compared with that in previous days. This restlessness was also reflected in other behaviour patterns performed by the pig. Nest building occurred in the 9 h before farrowing. There was no effect (P>0.05) of parity on the level of pre-farrowing locomotion, or on the amount of nest building performed. This indicates that pre-farrowing behaviour is largely unaffected by experience of farrowing and that it may be largely under internal control.