High brightness zinc oxide quantum dots were made with intentional alkali metal doping using quantum-confined atom model. The tuning of emission spectrum in the range of 480–562nm was achieved by dispersing them in solvents with varying index of refraction. The observed emission bands are quite distinct from the nonstructured green emission of zinc oxide at 2.4eV (515nm) but are attributed to donor-acceptor recombination involving the zinc vacancy and Li+∕Na+, or the modifications assigned to the surface states by the surrounding medium. The photoluminescence shifts are found to be sensitive to refractive index term n2−1∕2n2+1 useful for practical applications.
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Haranath et al. (2008) studied this question.
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