The 1980s and early 1990s will likely be remembered as a period of economic decline, financial cut-backs, and overall “belt-tightening” throughout much of American society. This era of limited resources has resulted in a renewed interest in the importance of individuals to organizational success (Willbur, 1986). Employees are being recognized as valuable resources, and successful organizations are working to maximize their existing human resources.
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Eastman et al. (1993) studied this question.