Key result
Type 2 diabetes linked to lower giant negative T-wave magnitude in apical HCM.
Why the study?
Clinical observations indicate an attenuation of giant negative T-waves in some patients with ApHCM, which is frequently comorbid with T2DM, but the effect of T2DM on giant negative T-wave amplitude was unclear.
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus reduce the amplitude of giant negative T-waves in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Cohort (n=124)
No
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus reduce the amplitude of giant negative T-waves in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
In patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus independently attenuates the amplitude of characteristic giant negative T-waves, which could potentially obscure typical diagnostic ECG features.
T2DM may obscure ECG diagnosis of apical HCM; leaves open whether adjusted criteria or prognostic impact warrant prospective study.
Clinical observations indicate an attenuation of giant negative T-waves (GNTWs) in some patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM), a condition frequently comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of T2DM on the GNTWs amplitude in ApHCM. A retrospective cohort of 124 ApHCM patients from Changzhou First People's Hospital (2021–2024) was categorized into T2DM ( n = 30) and non-T2DM ( n = 94) groups per American Diabetes Association criteria. A comparative analysis of baseline characteristics was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis and χ 2 tests. The association between T2DM and maximal negative T-wave voltage (Tmax) was assessed via multivariable linear regression, while nonlinear relationships were explored with generalized additive models (GAM). The T2DM subgroup exhibited a higher prevalence of hypertension (83.3 % vs. 60.6 %, p = 0.022) and coronary artery disease (44.8 % vs. 19.4 %, p = 0.006). The T2DM group demonstrated significantly lower absolute magnitude of both R-waves [3.000 (2.118, 3.775) mV vs. 3.625 (2.615, 4.400) mV, p = 0.045] and GNTWs (Tmax) [− 0.600 (−0.700, 0.400) mV vs. −0.750 (−1.100, 0.500) mV, p = 0.016]. Multivariable analysis identified T2DM as an independent predictor of attenuated GNTWs ( β = 0.272, p = 0.016). GAM confirmed a significant nonlinear inverse correlation between T2DM and T-wave amplitude ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, T2DM is independently associated with lower absolute magnitude of GNTWs in ApHCM, potentially obscuring characteristic electrocardiographic features. It is incumbent upon clinicians to take these diabetes-related confounding effects into account during diagnostic evaluation.
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A 2025 study conducted a cohort in Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) (n=124). Type 2 diabetes mellitus vs. Non-type 2 diabetes mellitus was evaluated on Maximal negative T-wave voltage (Tmax) (β 0.272, 95% CI 0.053-0.491, p=0.016). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was independently associated with a lower absolute magnitude of giant negative T-waves in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (β 0.272, p = 0.016).
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