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The case of a flat plate airfoil encountering a gust in incompressible flow is analyzed, with the generalization that the shed vorticity in the wake as well as the incident gust can convect at arbitrary velocity relative to the freestream. Bound vorticity and loading are calculated. At high frequency the bound vorticity is shown to be equivalent to an image of the incident gust, and drifts with the gust, except near the leading edge
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R. K. Amiet (1990) studied this question.
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